315 lines
25 KiB
Markdown
315 lines
25 KiB
Markdown
# Cosmopolitan
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Fast portable static native textmode executable containers.
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For an introduction to this project, please read the <a
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href="https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/ape.html">αcτµαlly pδrταblε
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εxεcµταblε</a> blog post.
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Cosmopolitan builds run natively on most platforms without dependencies,
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because it implements the subset of the C library, compiler runtimes and
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system call interfaces that've achieved near universal consensus amongst
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all major platforms, e.g. Linux/BSD/XNU/NT. Containerization is achieved
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by having binaries also be ZIP files. Modern static stock GNU toolchains
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are provided in a hermetic mono repo for the best historical determinism
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Here's how you can get started by printing cat videos inside a terminal:
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make -j8 o//tool/viz/printvideo.com
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wget https://justine.storage.googleapis.com/cats.mpg
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o//tool/viz/printvideo.com cats.mpg
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unzip -vl o//tool/viz/printvideo.com
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Cosmopolitan provides a native development environment similar to those
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currently being offered by RedHat, Google, Apple, Microsoft, etc. We're
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different in two ways: (1) we're not a platform therefore we don't have
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any commercial interest in making our tooling work better on one rather
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than another; and (2) we cater primarily towards features having gained
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cross-platform agreement. Goal is software that stands the test of time
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without the costs and restrictions cross-platform distribution entails.
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That makes Cosmopolitan an excellent fit for writing small CLI programs
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that do things like matrix multiplication relu stdio as a subprocess or
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perhaps a web server having the minimum surface area that you require.
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## Getting Started
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Just clone the repository and put your own folder in it. Please choose a
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name that's based on a .com or .org domain name registration you control
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which is scout's honor but could change to verify TXT records in future.
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We provide a script that makes it easy to start a new package:
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examples/package/new.sh com/github/user/project
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emacs com/github/user/project/program.c
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make o//com/github/user/project/program.com
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o//com/github/user/project/program.com
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Please note GNU Make is awesome. Little known fact: make is a functional
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programming language. We improved upon it too! In [tool/build/package.c]
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which performs strict dependency checking, to correct Google's published
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mistakes c. 2006 which was when they switched from using a GNU Make repo
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in favor of an inhouse derivative called Blaze which does graph checking
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thereby allowing the repository to grow gracefully with any requirements
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## Performance
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Your C Standard Library is designed to be competitive with glibc, which
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has historically been the best. Routines like [libc/nexgen32e/memcpy.S]
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are usually accompanied by microbenchmarks to demonstrate their merits.
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Where GNU, LLVM and MSVC got lazy is intrinsics. Cosmopolitan does that
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better. Your [ansitrinsics library] makes a 10x speedup so much easier,
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using Intel's new instructions, in such a way that only allows Intel to
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leverage their patents which have knowable expiry; rather than compiler
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intrinsics API copyrights, which might never expire like Walt Disney IP
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See [dsp/scale/cdecimate2xuint8x8.c] and [tool/viz/lib/ycbcr2rgb3.c] as
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an example, of how 4k video convolutions needed to print cat videos can
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be done from a single core without threads on a cheap computer, without
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sacrificing backwards compatibility due to excellent microarchitectural
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dispatch like [libc/nexgen32e/kcpuids.S], [libc/nexgen32e/x86feature.h]
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Furthermore Cosmopolitan provides you with Intel's official instruction
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length decoder Xed ravaged down to 3kb in size using Tim Patterson code
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stunts. So you can absolutely code high-performance lightweight fabless
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x86 microprocessors using any hobbyist board without royalties, because
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Xed tells us which parts of the encoding space now belong to the people.
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Please see [third_party/xed/x86ild.greg.c] to learn more.
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## Integrated Development Environment
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Your Cosmopolitan IDE is based on whichever editor you love most. Emacs
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configs are provided, showing how `make tags` can be used to automate
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certain toil, such as adding include lines by typing `C-c C-h` over a
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symbol. We recommend trying the following:
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sudo bash -c "$(wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm.sh)"
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sudo apt install gdb ragel ctags clang-format-10
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git clone git@github.com:jart/cosmopolitan.git && cd cosmopolitan
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tool/scripts/install-emacs.sh # Emacs 26.1 has a bug
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tool/scripts/configure-emacs.sh # adds load statements
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make tags # index all the symbol
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emacs # for power and glory!
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See [tool/emacs/cosmo-stuff.el] for further details. Further note that
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this codebase might seem to have unusual numbers of include statements
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quoted and vendored code, but that's actually why the tools work since
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it gives them easy perfect knowledge of what exists, thus performance.
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## Specimen
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Cosmopolitan encodes binaries respecting the intersection of reasonable
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platform requirements. RADIX-256 disassembly of [examples/life.c] below
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should explain how easy it is to do pe+sh+elf+macho+bootloader overlays
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enabling gnu ld.bfd to produce a simple portable 12kb .com program file
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Please send feedback and concerns to <jtunney@gmail.com> since we would
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love to do an even better job. Please also let us know if some goofball
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is distributing without bundling their source code, so we can reach out
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and ask if they would like to purchase a commercial license.
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make -j10 -O MODE=tiny CPPFLAGS=-DIM_FEELING_NAUGHTY
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o/tiny/tool/viz/bing.com <o/tiny/examples/life.com |
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o/tiny/tool/viz/fold.com
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HïJ◘I9╚v►Hìq☺Hër◘ê☺H┴Φ◘uτ├UHì♦▬Ië╙Më┬HëσAWI┐ & ☺ AVAUIë⌡ATS1
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}░Φy■λλIλ┴δ∞LëαMà╔u↓Iλ╠IâⁿλtÅ╛╲ Hì}░ΦÇ■λλδτHâ°☺v∟╛╲ Hì}░HëEá
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Φf■λλHïEáHâΦ☻δ▐AÇΣ☺t↨╛“ Hì}░ΦH■λλIλ╔☼ä@λλλAÇ■☺A╛♥ Iâ┘ Mìa☺M9
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λλΘσ■λλ1÷Hì}░Φ┘²λλΘG■λλHâ─8ë╪[A╲A]A^A_]├╠Hì♣╪↓ ├☼┐└à└x←Ië╩☼♣H=☺
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≡λλs☺├≈╪ë♣║↓ jλX∙├ï♣⌂▬ δφH┴Φ0δ•H┴Φ ☼╖└f=λ☼sσIë╩☼♣r╙├Aë├┴Φ►%λ☼
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A┴δ∟A┴π↑D○╪δ┌QRëλ1└âλ⌂v“☼╜╧║┐→@ ïLJ≥ë·┴∩♠ÇΓ⁇♀Ç◘╨H┴α◘■╔u∞◘ΦH○°ZY
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├U1└HëσWVSQRë┬ë├λ└☼╖¶Wë╤füß ⁿfü∙ ▄tΦfü∙ ╪t♦ë▬δ,☼╖♦Gë┴füß ⁿfü∙ ▄t
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♂╟♠²λ â╚λδ☼┴Γ◙ìä☻ $áⁿë♠ìC☻ZY[^_]├f☼▼D Éâ♪▄↑ ♦÷♣ë§ ♦t♪@☼╢╧λ§ì
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♣ δ°╠ï♣ö§ ☼♣·☼☺∟%Ü→@ ⌠δ² f☼▼D Énodll◙ KernelBase.dll ☺
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└☺└☺└☺└☻α☻α☻α☻α☻α♥≡♥≡♥≡♥≡♥≡♦°♦°♦°♦°♦°♣ⁿ♣ⁿ♣ⁿ♣ⁿ♣ⁿ♣ⁿÉÉ☼▼D ⁇♣ExitPr
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ocess æ☺FreeEnvironmentStringsW ╜☺GetCommandLineW ‼☻GetEnvironme
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ntStringsW ╘☻GetStdHandle ╫♣SetDefaultDllDirectories ▼•WriteF
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ile ░← ░→ ► ☼▼@ °→ ♠←
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← 2← L← ╲← x← É☼▼Ç É╬ ☺&τ☺╬
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||
☺☺⌂╬ üÇÇ►f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼
|
||
ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä
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f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.
|
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☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä
|
||
f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä
|
||
f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼
|
||
ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä
|
||
f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.
|
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☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä
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f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä
|
||
f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼
|
||
ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä
|
||
f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.
|
||
☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä
|
||
f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä
|
||
f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä f.☼▼ä ☼▼@
|
||
@ °→ ♠← ← 2← L← ╲←
|
||
x←
|
||
|
||
See also `build/objdump -xd o/tiny/examples/life.com.dbg | less` to view
|
||
assembly and the linker glue in [ape/ape.lds] that makes it all possible
|
||
|
||
## Licensing
|
||
|
||
Cosmopolitan is Free Software licensed under the GPLv2. The build config
|
||
**will embed all linked sources inside your binaries** so the compliance
|
||
is easy while facilitating trust and transparency similar to JavaScript.
|
||
You can audit your source filesystem using ZIP GUIs e.g. Win10, InfoZip.
|
||
That works easiest by changing the filename extension from .com to .zip.
|
||
|
||
### Commercial Support
|
||
|
||
If you want to be able to distribute binaries in binary only form, then
|
||
please send $1,000 to Justine Tunney <jtunney@gmail.com> on PayPal, for
|
||
a license lasting 1 year. This README will be updated in the event that
|
||
this needs to change. Please reach out if there's anything you need.
|
||
|
||
## Contributing
|
||
|
||
We'd love to accept your patches! Before we can take them, we have to
|
||
jump through one legal hurdle. Please write an email to Justine Tunney
|
||
<jtunney@gmail.com> saying you agree to give her copyright ownership to
|
||
any changes you contribute to Cosmopolitan. We need to do that in order
|
||
to dual license Cosmopolitan. Otherwise we can't create incentives that
|
||
encourage corporations to share their source code with the community.
|
||
|
||
## Volunteering
|
||
|
||
We also need volunteers who can help us further stabilize System Five's
|
||
application binary interface. See our ABI scripts [libc/sysv/consts.sh]
|
||
and [libc/sysv/syscalls.sh]. Magic numbers are usually stabler than API
|
||
interfaces cf. NPM but we should ideally have fewer of them, similar to
|
||
how SI has sought to have fewer defining physics constants.
|
||
|
||
## About
|
||
|
||
Cosmopolitan mostly stands on the shoulders of giants and has few novel
|
||
ideas, aside from taking care of low-level build system toil, so coding
|
||
can become more beautifully pleasant.
|
||
|
||
Cosmopolitan is maintained by Justine Tunney, who previously worked on
|
||
projects like [TensorFlow], [Operation Rosehub], [Nomulus], and Google's
|
||
tape backups SRE team. She's also helped activists by operating the
|
||
[Occupy Wall Street] website. Justine Tunney currently isn't on the
|
||
payroll of any company. She's been focusing on Cosmopolitan because she
|
||
wants to give back to Free Software which helped her be successful. See
|
||
her [LinkedIn] profile for further details on her professional history.
|
||
|
||
|
||
[LinkedIn]: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jtunney
|
||
[Nomulus]: https://github.com/google/nomulus
|
||
[Occupy Wall Street]: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/11/28/pre-occupied
|
||
[Operation Rosehub]: https://opensource.googleblog.com/2017/03/operation-rosehub.html
|
||
[TensorFlow]: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow
|
||
[ansitrinsics library]: libc/intrin
|
||
[ape/ape.lds]: ape/ape.lds
|
||
[dsp/scale/cdecimate2xuint8x8.c]: dsp/scale/cdecimate2xuint8x8.c
|
||
[examples/life.c]: examples/life.c
|
||
[libc/nexgen32e/kcpuids.S]: libc/nexgen32e/kcpuids.S
|
||
[libc/nexgen32e/memcpy.S]: libc/nexgen32e/memcpy.S
|
||
[libc/nexgen32e/x86feature.h]: libc/nexgen32e/x86feature.h
|
||
[libc/sysv/consts.sh]: libc/sysv/consts.sh
|
||
[libc/sysv/syscalls.sh]: libc/sysv/syscalls.sh
|
||
[third_party/xed/x86ild.greg.c]: third_party/xed/x86ild.greg.c
|
||
[tool/build/package.c]: tool/build/package.c
|
||
[tool/emacs/cosmo-stuff.el]: tool/emacs/cosmo-stuff.el
|
||
[tool/viz/lib/ycbcr2rgb3.c]: tool/viz/lib/ycbcr2rgb3.c
|