diff --git a/acceptreject.py b/acceptreject.py
index bd54600c3..f3fb95619 100644
--- a/acceptreject.py
+++ b/acceptreject.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from utils import hasObjectDict
 from utils import acctDir
 from utils import hasGroupType
 from utils import localActorUrl
+from utils import hasActor
 
 
 def _createAcceptReject(baseDir: str, federationList: [],
@@ -191,9 +192,7 @@ def receiveAcceptReject(session, baseDir: str,
     """
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Accept' and messageJson['type'] != 'Reject':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: ' + messageJson['type'] + ' has no actor')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not hasUsersPath(messageJson['actor']):
         if debug:
diff --git a/announce.py b/announce.py
index 603fd8af1..8363f2e9e 100644
--- a/announce.py
+++ b/announce.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from utils import undoAnnounceCollectionEntry
 from utils import updateAnnounceCollection
 from utils import localActorUrl
 from utils import replaceUsersWithAt
+from utils import hasActor
 from posts import sendSignedJson
 from posts import getPersonBox
 from session import postJson
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ def outboxAnnounce(recentPostsCache: {},
     """ Adds or removes announce entries from the shares collection
     within a given post
     """
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not isinstance(messageJson['actor'], str):
         return False
diff --git a/availability.py b/availability.py
index ee6c2d5d6..be0635477 100644
--- a/availability.py
+++ b/availability.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from utils import loadJson
 from utils import saveJson
 from utils import acctDir
 from utils import localActorUrl
+from utils import hasActor
 
 
 def setAvailability(baseDir: str, nickname: str, domain: str,
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ def outboxAvailability(baseDir: str, nickname: str, messageJson: {},
         return False
     if not messageJson['type'] == 'Availability':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not messageJson.get('object'):
         return False
diff --git a/blocking.py b/blocking.py
index ddfb688c6..ad739fe18 100644
--- a/blocking.py
+++ b/blocking.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from utils import getDomainFromActor
 from utils import getNicknameFromActor
 from utils import acctDir
 from utils import localActorUrl
+from utils import hasActor
 from conversation import muteConversation
 from conversation import unmuteConversation
 
@@ -699,7 +700,7 @@ def outboxMute(baseDir: str, httpPrefix: str,
     """
     if not messageJson.get('type'):
         return
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return
     domainFull = getFullDomain(domain, port)
     if not messageJson['actor'].endswith(domainFull + '/users/' + nickname):
@@ -754,7 +755,7 @@ def outboxUndoMute(baseDir: str, httpPrefix: str,
     """
     if not messageJson.get('type'):
         return
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return
     domainFull = getFullDomain(domain, port)
     if not messageJson['actor'].endswith(domainFull + '/users/' + nickname):
diff --git a/bookmarks.py b/bookmarks.py
index fb0c3f769..f1a04f45c 100644
--- a/bookmarks.py
+++ b/bookmarks.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from utils import saveJson
 from utils import hasObjectDict
 from utils import acctDir
 from utils import localActorUrl
+from utils import hasActor
 from posts import getPersonBox
 from session import postJson
 
@@ -539,9 +540,7 @@ def outboxBookmark(recentPostsCache: {},
         return
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Add':
         return
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: no actor in bookmark Add')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return
     if not hasObjectDict(messageJson):
         if debug:
@@ -603,9 +602,7 @@ def outboxUndoBookmark(recentPostsCache: {},
         return
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Remove':
         return
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: no actor in unbookmark Remove')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return
     if not hasObjectDict(messageJson):
         if debug:
diff --git a/daemon.py b/daemon.py
index 22829b5b0..25f6756e8 100644
--- a/daemon.py
+++ b/daemon.py
@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ from categories import updateHashtagCategories
 from languages import getActorLanguages
 from languages import setActorLanguages
 from like import updateLikesCollection
+from utils import hasActor
 from utils import setReplyIntervalHours
 from utils import canReplyTo
 from utils import isDM
@@ -725,24 +726,15 @@ class PubServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
         else:
             self.send_header('Cache-Control', 'public')
         self.send_header('Origin', self.server.domainFull)
-        self.send_header('X-AP-Instance-ID', self.server.instanceId)
-        self.send_header('X-Clacks-Overhead', 'GNU Natalie Nguyen')
         if length > -1:
             self.send_header('Content-Length', str(length))
         if callingDomain:
             self.send_header('Host', callingDomain)
         if permissive:
             self.send_header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
-            if 'image/' in fileFormat or \
-               'audio/' in fileFormat or \
-               'video/' in fileFormat:
-                acStr = \
-                    'Host, Server, x-goog-meta-frames, Content-Length, ' + \
-                    'Content-Type, Range, X-Requested-With, ' + \
-                    'If-Modified-Since, If-None-Match'
-                self.send_header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', acStr)
-                self.send_header('Access-Control-Expose-Headers', acStr)
             return
+        self.send_header('X-AP-Instance-ID', self.server.instanceId)
+        self.send_header('X-Clacks-Overhead', 'GNU Natalie Nguyen')
         if cookie:
             cookieStr = cookie
             if 'HttpOnly;' not in cookieStr:
@@ -1278,7 +1270,7 @@ class PubServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
 
         # check for blocked domains so that they can be rejected early
         messageDomain = None
-        if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+        if not hasActor(messageJson, self.server.debug):
             print('Message arriving at inbox queue has no actor')
             self._400()
             self.server.POSTbusy = False
diff --git a/follow.py b/follow.py
index b0aa8f3c5..b8f84729b 100644
--- a/follow.py
+++ b/follow.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ __module_group__ = "ActivityPub"
 
 from pprint import pprint
 import os
+from utils import hasActor
 from utils import removeDomainPort
 from utils import hasObjectDict
 from utils import hasUsersPath
@@ -648,9 +649,7 @@ def receiveFollowRequest(session, baseDir: str, httpPrefix: str,
         if not messageJson['type'].startswith('Join'):
             return False
     print('Receiving follow request')
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: follow request has no actor')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not hasUsersPath(messageJson['actor']):
         if debug:
diff --git a/inbox.py b/inbox.py
index 5b16fe16b..ab7542d9e 100644
--- a/inbox.py
+++ b/inbox.py
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ from utils import undoAnnounceCollectionEntry
 from utils import dangerousMarkup
 from utils import isDM
 from utils import isReply
+from utils import hasActor
 from httpsig import messageContentDigest
 from posts import savePostToBox
 from posts import isCreateInsideAnnounce
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ def inboxPermittedMessage(domain: str, messageJson: {},
                           federationList: []) -> bool:
     """ check that we are receiving from a permitted domain
     """
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, False):
         return False
 
     actor = messageJson['actor']
@@ -685,9 +686,7 @@ def _receiveUndo(session, baseDir: str, httpPrefix: str,
         return False
     if debug:
         print('DEBUG: Undo activity received')
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: follow request has no actor')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not hasUsersPath(messageJson['actor']):
         if debug:
@@ -807,7 +806,7 @@ def _receiveUpdateToQuestion(recentPostsCache: {}, messageJson: {},
     # message url of the question
     if not messageJson.get('id'):
         return
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, False):
         return
     messageId = removeIdEnding(messageJson['id'])
     if '#' in messageId:
@@ -849,9 +848,7 @@ def _receiveUpdate(recentPostsCache: {}, session, baseDir: str,
     """
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Update':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: ' + messageJson['type'] + ' has no actor')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not hasObjectDict(messageJson):
         if debug:
@@ -925,9 +922,7 @@ def _receiveLike(recentPostsCache: {},
     """
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Like':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: ' + messageJson['type'] + ' has no actor')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not messageJson.get('object'):
         if debug:
@@ -1034,7 +1029,7 @@ def _receiveUndoLike(recentPostsCache: {},
     """
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Undo':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not hasObjectDict(messageJson):
         return False
@@ -1136,9 +1131,7 @@ def _receiveBookmark(recentPostsCache: {},
         return False
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Add':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: no actor in inbox bookmark Add')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not hasObjectDict(messageJson):
         if debug:
@@ -1252,9 +1245,7 @@ def _receiveUndoBookmark(recentPostsCache: {},
         return False
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Remove':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: no actor in inbox undo bookmark Remove')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not hasObjectDict(messageJson):
         if debug:
@@ -1359,9 +1350,7 @@ def _receiveDelete(session, handle: str, isGroup: bool, baseDir: str,
     """
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Delete':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: ' + messageJson['type'] + ' has no actor')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if debug:
         print('DEBUG: Delete activity arrived')
@@ -1456,9 +1445,7 @@ def _receiveAnnounce(recentPostsCache: {},
         if debug:
             print('DEBUG: bad handle ' + handle)
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: ' + messageJson['type'] + ' has no actor')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if debug:
         print('DEBUG: receiving announce on ' + handle)
@@ -1669,7 +1656,7 @@ def _receiveUndoAnnounce(recentPostsCache: {},
     """
     if messageJson['type'] != 'Undo':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not hasObjectDict(messageJson):
         return False
diff --git a/outbox.py b/outbox.py
index 2a596ecee..61b825529 100644
--- a/outbox.py
+++ b/outbox.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from utils import loadJson
 from utils import saveJson
 from utils import acctDir
 from utils import localActorUrl
+from utils import hasActor
 from blocking import isBlockedDomain
 from blocking import outboxBlock
 from blocking import outboxUndoBlock
@@ -92,9 +93,7 @@ def _outboxPersonReceiveUpdate(recentPostsCache: {},
         if debug:
             print('DEBUG: c2s actor update has no "to" field')
         return
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
-        if debug:
-            print('DEBUG: c2s actor update has no actor field')
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return
     if not messageJson.get('id'):
         if debug:
diff --git a/skills.py b/skills.py
index fd2061807..55935f560 100644
--- a/skills.py
+++ b/skills.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from utils import getOccupationSkills
 from utils import setOccupationSkillsList
 from utils import acctDir
 from utils import localActorUrl
+from utils import hasActor
 
 
 def setSkillsFromDict(actorJson: {}, skillsDict: {}) -> []:
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ def outboxSkills(baseDir: str, nickname: str, messageJson: {},
         return False
     if not messageJson['type'] == 'Skill':
         return False
-    if not messageJson.get('actor'):
+    if not hasActor(messageJson, debug):
         return False
     if not messageJson.get('object'):
         return False
diff --git a/tests.py b/tests.py
index 0afae44c2..47a133ebf 100644
--- a/tests.py
+++ b/tests.py
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ def testPostMessageBetweenServers(baseDir: str) -> None:
         assert attached.get('type')
         assert attached.get('url')
         assert attached['mediaType'] == 'image/png'
-        if not '/system/media_attachments/files/' in attached['url']:
+        if '/system/media_attachments/files/' not in attached['url']:
             print(attached['url'])
         assert '/system/media_attachments/files/' in attached['url']
         assert attached['url'].endswith('.png')
diff --git a/utils.py b/utils.py
index 6411f78e8..48387f510 100644
--- a/utils.py
+++ b/utils.py
@@ -3020,3 +3020,17 @@ def replaceUsersWithAt(actor: str) -> str:
             actor = actor.replace(path, '/@')
             break
     return actor
+
+
+def hasActor(postJsonObject: {}, debug: bool) -> bool:
+    """Does the given post have an actor?
+    """
+    if postJsonObject.get('actor'):
+        return True
+    if debug:
+        if postJsonObject.get('type'):
+            msg = postJsonObject['type'] + ' has missing actor'
+            if postJsonObject.get('id'):
+                msg += ' ' + postJsonObject['id']
+            print(msg)
+    return False