diff --git a/acceptreject.py b/acceptreject.py
index 6ddd54b00..0e100173f 100644
--- a/acceptreject.py
+++ b/acceptreject.py
@@ -110,8 +110,7 @@ def _create_accept_reject(federation_list: [],
         'object': object_json
     }
     if cc_url:
-        if len(cc_url) > 0:
-            new_accept['cc'] = [cc_url]
+        new_accept['cc'] = [cc_url]
     return new_accept
 
 
diff --git a/announce.py b/announce.py
index 865aab407..5a49cc6f7 100644
--- a/announce.py
+++ b/announce.py
@@ -206,8 +206,7 @@ def create_announce(session, base_dir: str, federation_list: [],
         'type': 'Announce'
     }
     if cc_url:
-        if len(cc_url) > 0:
-            new_announce['cc'] = [cc_url]
+        new_announce['cc'] = [cc_url]
     if save_to_file:
         outbox_dir = create_outbox_dir(nickname, domain, base_dir)
         filename = \
diff --git a/daemon_post_login.py b/daemon_post_login.py
index e6bf37b80..76bf4524c 100644
--- a/daemon_post_login.py
+++ b/daemon_post_login.py
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ def post_login_screen(self, calling_domain: str, cookie: str,
                         login_str += login_prm + '='
                     else:
                         len_str = login_prm.split('&')[0]
-                        if len(len_str) > 0:
+                        if len_str:
                             login_str += login_prm + '*'
                         len_str = ''
                         if '&' in login_prm:
diff --git a/like.py b/like.py
index 15e1b8f39..09fdbe784 100644
--- a/like.py
+++ b/like.py
@@ -104,8 +104,7 @@ def _create_like(recent_posts_cache: {},
         'object': object_url
     }
     if cc_list:
-        if len(cc_list) > 0:
-            new_like_json['cc'] = cc_list
+        new_like_json['cc'] = cc_list
 
     # Extract the domain and nickname from a statuses link
     liked_post_nickname = None
diff --git a/pgp.py b/pgp.py
index aa6907799..7a392a31e 100644
--- a/pgp.py
+++ b/pgp.py
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ def actor_to_vcard(actor: {}, domain: str, translate: {}) -> str:
             vcard_str += \
                 'EXPERTISE;LEVEL=' + level_str + ':' + skill_name + '\n'
     if actor.get('hasOccupation'):
-        if len(actor['hasOccupation']) > 0:
+        if actor['hasOccupation']:
             if actor['hasOccupation'][0].get('name'):
                 vcard_str += \
                     'ROLE:' + \
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ def actor_to_vcard_xml(actor: {}, domain: str, translate: {}) -> str:
             '</parameters>' + \
             '<text>' + pgp_key_encoded + '</text></key>\n'
     if actor.get('hasOccupation'):
-        if len(actor['hasOccupation']) > 0:
+        if actor['hasOccupation']:
             if actor['hasOccupation'][0].get('name'):
                 vcard_str += \
                     '    <role><text>' + \
diff --git a/posts.py b/posts.py
index 69037225a..3bdea596c 100644
--- a/posts.py
+++ b/posts.py
@@ -5692,7 +5692,7 @@ def archive_posts_for_person(http_prefix: str, nickname: str, domain: str,
             print('EX: archive_posts_for_person unable to read ' +
                   index_filename + ' ' + str(ex))
         # save the new index file
-        if len(new_index) > 0:
+        if new_index:
             try:
                 with open(index_filename, 'w+',
                           encoding='utf-8') as fp_index:
diff --git a/pyjsonld.py b/pyjsonld.py
index 8e8d2b487..909a8c769 100644
--- a/pyjsonld.py
+++ b/pyjsonld.py
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ def prepend_base(base, iri):
                 # directory from base
                 if rel.path != '':
                     path = path[0:path.rfind('/') + 1]
-                    if len(path) > 0 and not path.endswith('/'):
+                    if path and not path.endswith('/'):
                         path += '/'
                     path += rel.path
 
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ class JsonLdProcessor(object):
         tmp = ctx
         ctx = []
         for v in tmp:
-            if not _is_object(v) or len(v) > 0:
+            if not _is_object(v) or v:
                 ctx.append(v)
 
         # remove array if only one context
@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ class JsonLdProcessor(object):
         """
         if property in subject:
             value = subject[property]
-            return not _is_array(value) or len(value) > 0
+            return not _is_array(value) or value
         return False
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/webapp_post.py b/webapp_post.py
index 35028096f..e1aa852bd 100644
--- a/webapp_post.py
+++ b/webapp_post.py
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ def get_instance_software(base_dir: str, session,
     nodeinfo_url = None
     if nodeinfo1_json.get('links'):
         if isinstance(nodeinfo1_json['links'], list):
-            if len(nodeinfo1_json['links']) > 0:
+            if nodeinfo1_json['links']:
                 if nodeinfo1_json['links'][0].get('href'):
                     href = nodeinfo1_json['links'][0]['href']
                     if isinstance(href, str):
diff --git a/webapp_profile.py b/webapp_profile.py
index 7751e6bec..a0b3e8f6a 100644
--- a/webapp_profile.py
+++ b/webapp_profile.py
@@ -1336,12 +1336,13 @@ def html_profile(signing_priv_key_pem: str,
                 with open(follow_requests_filename, 'r',
                           encoding='utf-8') as fp_foll:
                     for line in fp_foll:
-                        if len(line) > 0:
-                            follow_approvals = True
-                            followers_button = 'buttonhighlighted'
-                            if selected == 'followers':
-                                followers_button = 'buttonselectedhighlighted'
-                            break
+                        if not line:
+                            continue
+                        follow_approvals = True
+                        followers_button = 'buttonhighlighted'
+                        if selected == 'followers':
+                            followers_button = 'buttonselectedhighlighted'
+                        break
             except OSError as exc:
                 print('EX: html_profile unable to read ' +
                       follow_requests_filename + ' ' + str(exc))
@@ -1352,59 +1353,60 @@ def html_profile(signing_priv_key_pem: str,
                 with open(follow_requests_filename, 'r',
                           encoding='utf-8') as fp_req:
                     for follower_handle in fp_req:
-                        if len(follower_handle) > 0:
-                            follower_handle = \
-                                remove_eol(follower_handle)
-                            if '://' in follower_handle:
-                                follower_actor = follower_handle
-                            else:
-                                nick = follower_handle.split('@')[0]
-                                dom = follower_handle.split('@')[1]
-                                follower_actor = \
-                                    local_actor_url(http_prefix, nick, dom)
+                        if not follower_handle:
+                            continue
+                        follower_handle = \
+                            remove_eol(follower_handle)
+                        if '://' in follower_handle:
+                            follower_actor = follower_handle
+                        else:
+                            nick = follower_handle.split('@')[0]
+                            dom = follower_handle.split('@')[1]
+                            follower_actor = \
+                                local_actor_url(http_prefix, nick, dom)
 
-                            # is this a new domain?
-                            # if so then append a new instance indicator
-                            follower_domain, _ = \
-                                get_domain_from_actor(follower_actor)
-                            new_follower_domain = ''
-                            if follower_domain not in curr_follower_domains:
-                                new_follower_domain = ' ✨'
+                        # is this a new domain?
+                        # if so then append a new instance indicator
+                        follower_domain, _ = \
+                            get_domain_from_actor(follower_actor)
+                        new_follower_domain = ''
+                        if follower_domain not in curr_follower_domains:
+                            new_follower_domain = ' ✨'
 
-                            # Show the handle of the potential follower
-                            # being approved, linking to search on that handle
-                            base_path = '/users/' + nickname
-                            follow_approvals_section += \
-                                '<div class="container">\n' + \
-                                '  <form method="POST" action="' + \
-                                base_path + '/searchhandle?page=1">\n' + \
-                                '    <input type="hidden" ' + \
-                                'name="actor" value="' + actor + '">\n' + \
-                                '    <input type="hidden" ' + \
-                                'name="searchtext" value="' + \
-                                follower_actor + \
-                                '">\n    <button type="submit" ' + \
-                                'class="followApproveHandle" ' + \
-                                'name="submitSearch" tabindex="2">' + \
-                                follower_handle + new_follower_domain + \
-                                '</button>\n  </form>\n'
+                        # Show the handle of the potential follower
+                        # being approved, linking to search on that handle
+                        base_path = '/users/' + nickname
+                        follow_approvals_section += \
+                            '<div class="container">\n' + \
+                            '  <form method="POST" action="' + \
+                            base_path + '/searchhandle?page=1">\n' + \
+                            '    <input type="hidden" ' + \
+                            'name="actor" value="' + actor + '">\n' + \
+                            '    <input type="hidden" ' + \
+                            'name="searchtext" value="' + \
+                            follower_actor + \
+                            '">\n    <button type="submit" ' + \
+                            'class="followApproveHandle" ' + \
+                            'name="submitSearch" tabindex="2">' + \
+                            follower_handle + new_follower_domain + \
+                            '</button>\n  </form>\n'
 
-                            # show Approve and Deny buttons
-                            follow_approvals_section += \
-                                '<a href="' + base_path + \
-                                '/followapprove=' + follower_handle + \
-                                '" tabindex="2">'
-                            follow_approvals_section += \
-                                '<button class="followApprove">' + \
-                                translate['Approve'] + '</button></a><br><br>'
-                            follow_approvals_section += \
-                                '<a href="' + base_path + \
-                                '/followdeny=' + follower_handle + \
-                                '" tabindex="3">'
-                            follow_approvals_section += \
-                                '<button class="followDeny">' + \
-                                translate['Deny'] + '</button></a>'
-                            follow_approvals_section += '</div>'
+                        # show Approve and Deny buttons
+                        follow_approvals_section += \
+                            '<a href="' + base_path + \
+                            '/followapprove=' + follower_handle + \
+                            '" tabindex="2">'
+                        follow_approvals_section += \
+                            '<button class="followApprove">' + \
+                            translate['Approve'] + '</button></a><br><br>'
+                        follow_approvals_section += \
+                            '<a href="' + base_path + \
+                            '/followdeny=' + follower_handle + \
+                            '" tabindex="3">'
+                        follow_approvals_section += \
+                            '<button class="followDeny">' + \
+                            translate['Deny'] + '</button></a>'
+                        follow_approvals_section += '</div>'
 
     profile_description_short = \
         _get_profile_short_description(profile_description)
@@ -1950,7 +1952,7 @@ def _html_profile_roles(translate: {}, nickname: str, domain: str,
         else:
             profile_str += '<h3>' + role + '</h3>\n'
     profile_str += '</div></div>\n'
-    if len(profile_str) == 0:
+    if not profile_str:
         profile_str += \
             '<p>@' + nickname + '@' + domain + ' has no roles assigned</p>\n'
     else:
@@ -1967,7 +1969,7 @@ def _html_profile_skills(skills_json: {}) -> str:
             '<div>' + skill + \
             '<br><div id="myProgress"><div id="myBar" style="width:' + \
             str(level) + '%"></div></div></div>\n<br>\n'
-    if len(profile_str) > 0:
+    if profile_str:
         profile_str = '<center><div class="skill-title">' + \
             profile_str + '</div></center>\n'
     return profile_str
@@ -1984,7 +1986,7 @@ def _html_profile_shares(actor: str, translate: {},
                                              actor, item, translate,
                                              False, False,
                                              shares_file_type)
-    if len(profile_str) > 0:
+    if profile_str:
         profile_str = '<div class="share-title">' + profile_str + '</div>\n'
     return profile_str
 
diff --git a/webapp_timeline.py b/webapp_timeline.py
index 3825c2031..4de730615 100644
--- a/webapp_timeline.py
+++ b/webapp_timeline.py
@@ -707,20 +707,21 @@ def html_timeline(default_timeline: str,
             with open(follow_requests_filename, 'r',
                       encoding='utf-8') as fp_foll:
                 for line in fp_foll:
-                    if len(line) > 0:
-                        # show follow approvals icon
-                        follow_approvals = \
-                            '<a href="' + users_path + \
-                            '/followers#buttonheader" ' + \
-                            'accesskey="' + \
-                            access_keys['followButton'] + '">' + \
-                            '<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" ' + \
-                            'class="timelineicon" alt="' + \
-                            translate['Approve follow requests'] + \
-                            '" title="' + \
-                            translate['Approve follow requests'] + \
-                            '" src="/icons/person.png"/></a>\n'
-                        break
+                    if not line:
+                        continue
+                    # show follow approvals icon
+                    follow_approvals = \
+                        '<a href="' + users_path + \
+                        '/followers#buttonheader" ' + \
+                        'accesskey="' + \
+                        access_keys['followButton'] + '">' + \
+                        '<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" ' + \
+                        'class="timelineicon" alt="' + \
+                        translate['Approve follow requests'] + \
+                        '" title="' + \
+                        translate['Approve follow requests'] + \
+                        '" src="/icons/person.png"/></a>\n'
+                    break
         except OSError:
             print('EX: html_timeline unable to read ' +
                   follow_requests_filename)
diff --git a/webapp_utils.py b/webapp_utils.py
index 7c13ef40e..15833b221 100644
--- a/webapp_utils.py
+++ b/webapp_utils.py
@@ -1457,7 +1457,7 @@ def get_post_attachments_as_html(base_dir: str,
                         media_creator = attach['schema:creator']
         elif attach.get('attribution'):
             if isinstance(attach['attribution'], list):
-                if len(attach['attribution']) > 0:
+                if attach['attribution']:
                     attrib_str = attach['attribution'][0]
                     if not dangerous_markup(attrib_str, False, []):
                         if not is_filtered(base_dir, nickname, domain,