/* * Object enumeration support. * * Creates an internal enumeration state object to be used e.g. with for-in * enumeration. The state object contains a snapshot of target object keys * and internal control state for enumeration. Enumerator flags allow caller * to e.g. request internal/non-enumerable properties, and to enumerate only * "own" properties. * * Also creates the result value for e.g. Object.keys() based on the same * internal structure. * * This snapshot-based enumeration approach is used to simplify enumeration: * non-snapshot-based approaches are difficult to reconcile with mutating * the enumeration target, running multiple long-lived enumerators at the * same time, garbage collection details, etc. The downside is that the * enumerator object is memory inefficient especially for iterating arrays. */ #include "third_party/duktape/duk_internal.h" /* XXX: identify enumeration target with an object index (not top of stack) */ /* First enumerated key index in enumerator object, must match exactly the * number of control properties inserted to the enumerator. */ #define DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX 2 /* Current implementation suffices for ES2015 for now because there's no symbol * sorting, so commented out for now. */ /* * Helper to sort enumeration keys using a callback for pairwise duk_hstring * comparisons. The keys are in the enumeration object entry part, starting * from DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX, and the entry part is dense. Entry part values * are all "true", e.g. "1" -> true, "3" -> true, "foo" -> true, "2" -> true, * so it suffices to just switch keys without switching values. * * ES2015 [[OwnPropertyKeys]] enumeration order for ordinary objects: * (1) array indices in ascending order, * (2) non-array-index keys in insertion order, and * (3) symbols in insertion order. * http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-ownpropertykeys. * * This rule is applied to "own properties" at each inheritance level; * non-duplicate parent keys always follow child keys. For example, * an inherited array index will enumerate -after- a symbol in the * child. * * Insertion sort is used because (1) it's simple and compact, (2) works * in-place, (3) minimizes operations if data is already nearly sorted, * (4) doesn't reorder elements considered equal. * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort */ /* Sort key, must hold array indices, "not array index" marker, and one more * higher value for symbols. */ #if !defined(DUK_USE_SYMBOL_BUILTIN) typedef duk_uint32_t duk__sort_key_t; #elif defined(DUK_USE_64BIT_OPS) typedef duk_uint64_t duk__sort_key_t; #else typedef duk_double_t duk__sort_key_t; #endif /* Get sort key for a duk_hstring. */ DUK_LOCAL duk__sort_key_t duk__hstring_sort_key(duk_hstring *x) { duk__sort_key_t val; /* For array indices [0,0xfffffffe] use the array index as is. * For strings, use 0xffffffff, the marker 'arridx' already in * duk_hstring. For symbols, any value above 0xffffffff works, * as long as it is the same for all symbols; currently just add * the masked flag field into the arridx temporary. */ DUK_ASSERT(x != NULL); DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_SYMBOL(x) || DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(x) == DUK_HSTRING_NO_ARRAY_INDEX); val = (duk__sort_key_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_ARRIDX_FAST(x); #if defined(DUK_USE_SYMBOL_BUILTIN) val = val + (duk__sort_key_t) (DUK_HEAPHDR_GET_FLAGS_RAW((duk_heaphdr *) x) & DUK_HSTRING_FLAG_SYMBOL); #endif return (duk__sort_key_t) val; } /* Insert element 'b' after element 'a'? */ DUK_LOCAL duk_bool_t duk__sort_compare_es6(duk_hstring *a, duk_hstring *b, duk__sort_key_t val_b) { duk__sort_key_t val_a; DUK_ASSERT(a != NULL); DUK_ASSERT(b != NULL); DUK_UNREF(b); /* Not actually needed now, val_b suffices. */ val_a = duk__hstring_sort_key(a); if (val_a > val_b) { return 0; } else { return 1; } } DUK_LOCAL void duk__sort_enum_keys_es6(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hobject *h_obj, duk_int_fast32_t idx_start, duk_int_fast32_t idx_end) { duk_hstring **keys; duk_int_fast32_t idx; DUK_ASSERT(h_obj != NULL); DUK_ASSERT(idx_start >= DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX); DUK_ASSERT(idx_end >= idx_start); DUK_UNREF(thr); if (idx_end <= idx_start + 1) { return; /* Zero or one element(s). */ } keys = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(thr->heap, h_obj); for (idx = idx_start + 1; idx < idx_end; idx++) { duk_hstring *h_curr; duk_int_fast32_t idx_insert; duk__sort_key_t val_curr; h_curr = keys[idx]; DUK_ASSERT(h_curr != NULL); /* Scan backwards for insertion place. This works very well * when the elements are nearly in order which is the common * (and optimized for) case. */ val_curr = duk__hstring_sort_key(h_curr); /* Remains same during scanning. */ for (idx_insert = idx - 1; idx_insert >= idx_start; idx_insert--) { duk_hstring *h_insert; h_insert = keys[idx_insert]; DUK_ASSERT(h_insert != NULL); if (duk__sort_compare_es6(h_insert, h_curr, val_curr)) { break; } } /* If we're out of indices, idx_insert == idx_start - 1 and idx_insert++ * brings us back to idx_start. */ idx_insert++; DUK_ASSERT(idx_insert >= 0 && idx_insert <= idx); /* .-- p_insert .-- p_curr * v v * | ... | insert | ... | curr */ /* This could also done when the keys are in order, i.e. * idx_insert == idx. The result would be an unnecessary * memmove() but we use an explicit check because the keys * are very often in order already. */ if (idx != idx_insert) { duk_memmove((void *) (keys + idx_insert + 1), (const void *) (keys + idx_insert), ((size_t) (idx - idx_insert) * sizeof(duk_hstring *))); keys[idx_insert] = h_curr; } } } /* * Create an internal enumerator object E, which has its keys ordered * to match desired enumeration ordering. Also initialize internal control * properties for enumeration. * * Note: if an array was used to hold enumeration keys instead, an array * scan would be needed to eliminate duplicates found in the prototype chain. */ DUK_LOCAL void duk__add_enum_key(duk_hthread *thr, duk_hstring *k) { /* 'k' may be unreachable on entry so must push without any * potential for GC. */ duk_push_hstring(thr, k); duk_push_true(thr); duk_put_prop(thr, -3); } DUK_LOCAL void duk__add_enum_key_stridx(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t stridx) { duk__add_enum_key(thr, DUK_HTHREAD_GET_STRING(thr, stridx)); } DUK_INTERNAL void duk_hobject_enumerator_create(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t enum_flags) { duk_hobject *enum_target; duk_hobject *curr; duk_hobject *res; #if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY) duk_hobject *h_proxy_target; duk_hobject *h_proxy_handler; duk_hobject *h_trap_result; #endif duk_uint_fast32_t i, len; /* used for array, stack, and entry indices */ duk_uint_fast32_t sort_start_index; DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL); enum_target = duk_require_hobject(thr, -1); DUK_ASSERT(enum_target != NULL); duk_push_bare_object(thr); res = duk_known_hobject(thr, -1); /* [enum_target res] */ /* Target must be stored so that we can recheck whether or not * keys still exist when we enumerate. This is not done if the * enumeration result comes from a proxy trap as there is no * real object to check against. */ duk_push_hobject(thr, enum_target); duk_put_prop_stridx_short(thr, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET); /* Target is bare, plain put OK. */ /* Initialize index so that we skip internal control keys. */ duk_push_int(thr, DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX); duk_put_prop_stridx_short(thr, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_NEXT); /* Target is bare, plain put OK. */ /* * Proxy object handling */ #if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY) if (DUK_LIKELY((enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_NO_PROXY_BEHAVIOR) != 0)) { goto skip_proxy; } if (DUK_LIKELY(!duk_hobject_proxy_check(enum_target, &h_proxy_target, &h_proxy_handler))) { goto skip_proxy; } /* XXX: share code with Object.keys() Proxy handling */ /* In ES2015 for-in invoked the "enumerate" trap; in ES2016 "enumerate" * has been obsoleted and "ownKeys" is used instead. */ DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy enumeration")); duk_push_hobject(thr, h_proxy_handler); if (!duk_get_prop_stridx_short(thr, -1, DUK_STRIDX_OWN_KEYS)) { /* No need to replace the 'enum_target' value in stack, only the * enum_target reference. This also ensures that the original * enum target is reachable, which keeps the proxy and the proxy * target reachable. We do need to replace the internal _Target. */ DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no ownKeys trap, enumerate proxy target instead")); DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("h_proxy_target=%!O", (duk_heaphdr *) h_proxy_target)); enum_target = h_proxy_target; duk_push_hobject(thr, enum_target); /* -> [ ... enum_target res handler undefined target ] */ duk_put_prop_stridx_short(thr, -4, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET); /* Target is bare, plain put OK. */ duk_pop_2(thr); /* -> [ ... enum_target res ] */ goto skip_proxy; } /* [ ... enum_target res handler trap ] */ duk_insert(thr, -2); duk_push_hobject(thr, h_proxy_target); /* -> [ ... enum_target res trap handler target ] */ duk_call_method(thr, 1 /*nargs*/); /* -> [ ... enum_target res trap_result ] */ h_trap_result = duk_require_hobject(thr, -1); DUK_UNREF(h_trap_result); duk_proxy_ownkeys_postprocess(thr, h_proxy_target, enum_flags); /* -> [ ... enum_target res trap_result keys_array ] */ /* Copy cleaned up trap result keys into the enumerator object. */ /* XXX: result is a dense array; could make use of that. */ DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_array(thr, -1)); len = (duk_uint_fast32_t) duk_get_length(thr, -1); for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { (void) duk_get_prop_index(thr, -1, (duk_uarridx_t) i); DUK_ASSERT(duk_is_string(thr, -1)); /* postprocess cleaned up */ /* [ ... enum_target res trap_result keys_array val ] */ duk_push_true(thr); /* [ ... enum_target res trap_result keys_array val true ] */ duk_put_prop(thr, -5); } /* [ ... enum_target res trap_result keys_array ] */ duk_pop_2(thr); duk_remove_m2(thr); /* [ ... res ] */ /* The internal _Target property is kept pointing to the original * enumeration target (the proxy object), so that the enumerator * 'next' operation can read property values if so requested. The * fact that the _Target is a proxy disables key existence check * during enumeration. */ DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("proxy enumeration, final res: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) res)); goto compact_and_return; skip_proxy: #endif /* DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY */ curr = enum_target; sort_start_index = DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX; DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(res) == DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX); while (curr) { duk_uint_fast32_t sort_end_index; #if !defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE) duk_bool_t need_sort = 0; #endif duk_bool_t cond; /* Enumeration proceeds by inheritance level. Virtual * properties need to be handled specially, followed by * array part, and finally entry part. * * If there are array index keys in the entry part or any * other risk of the ES2015 [[OwnPropertyKeys]] order being * violated, need_sort is set and an explicit ES2015 sort is * done for the inheritance level. */ /* XXX: inheriting from proxy */ /* * Virtual properties. * * String and buffer indices are virtual and always enumerable, * 'length' is virtual and non-enumerable. Array and arguments * object props have special behavior but are concrete. * * String and buffer objects don't have an array part so as long * as virtual array index keys are enumerated first, we don't * need to set need_sort. */ #if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT) cond = DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(curr) || DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFOBJ(curr); #else cond = DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(curr); #endif cond = cond && !(enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_EXCLUDE_STRINGS); if (cond) { duk_bool_t have_length = 1; /* String and buffer enumeration behavior is identical now, * so use shared handler. */ if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_STRINGOBJ(curr)) { duk_hstring *h_val; h_val = duk_hobject_get_internal_value_string(thr->heap, curr); DUK_ASSERT(h_val != NULL); /* string objects must not created without internal value */ len = (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HSTRING_GET_CHARLEN(h_val); } #if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT) else { duk_hbufobj *h_bufobj; DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFOBJ(curr)); h_bufobj = (duk_hbufobj *) curr; if (h_bufobj == NULL || !h_bufobj->is_typedarray) { /* Zero length seems like a good behavior for neutered buffers. * ArrayBuffer (non-view) and DataView don't have index properties * or .length property. */ len = 0; have_length = 0; } else { /* There's intentionally no check for * current underlying buffer length. */ len = (duk_uint_fast32_t) (h_bufobj->length >> h_bufobj->shift); } } #endif /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */ for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { duk_hstring *k; /* This is a bit fragile: the string is not * reachable until it is pushed by the helper. */ k = duk_heap_strtable_intern_u32_checked(thr, (duk_uint32_t) i); DUK_ASSERT(k); duk__add_enum_key(thr, k); /* [enum_target res] */ } /* 'length' and other virtual properties are not * enumerable, but are included if non-enumerable * properties are requested. */ if (have_length && (enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_NONENUMERABLE)) { duk__add_enum_key_stridx(thr, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH); } } /* * Array part */ cond = !(enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_EXCLUDE_STRINGS); if (cond) { for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(curr); i++) { duk_hstring *k; duk_tval *tv; tv = DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, curr, i); if (DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(tv)) { continue; } k = duk_heap_strtable_intern_u32_checked(thr, (duk_uint32_t) i); /* Fragile reachability. */ DUK_ASSERT(k); duk__add_enum_key(thr, k); /* [enum_target res] */ } if (DUK_HOBJECT_HAS_EXOTIC_ARRAY(curr)) { /* Array .length comes after numeric indices. */ if (enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_NONENUMERABLE) { duk__add_enum_key_stridx(thr, DUK_STRIDX_LENGTH); } } } /* * Entries part */ for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(curr); i++) { duk_hstring *k; k = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, curr, i); if (!k) { continue; } if (!(enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_NONENUMERABLE) && !DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ENUMERABLE(thr->heap, curr, i)) { continue; } if (DUK_UNLIKELY(DUK_HSTRING_HAS_SYMBOL(k))) { if (!(enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_HIDDEN) && DUK_HSTRING_HAS_HIDDEN(k)) { continue; } if (!(enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_INCLUDE_SYMBOLS)) { continue; } #if !defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE) need_sort = 1; #endif } else { DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HSTRING_HAS_HIDDEN(k)); /* would also have symbol flag */ if (enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_EXCLUDE_STRINGS) { continue; } } if (DUK_HSTRING_HAS_ARRIDX(k)) { /* This in currently only possible if the * object has no array part: the array part * is exhaustive when it is present. */ #if !defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE) need_sort = 1; #endif } else { if (enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_ARRAY_INDICES_ONLY) { continue; } } DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, curr, i) || !DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(thr->heap, curr, i)->v)); duk__add_enum_key(thr, k); /* [enum_target res] */ } /* Sort enumerated keys according to ES2015 requirements for * the "inheritance level" just processed. This is far from * optimal, ES2015 semantics could be achieved more efficiently * by handling array index string keys (and symbol keys) * specially above in effect doing the sort inline. * * Skip the sort if array index sorting is requested because * we must consider all keys, also inherited, so an explicit * sort is done for the whole result after we're done with the * prototype chain. * * Also skip the sort if need_sort == 0, i.e. we know for * certain that the enumerated order is already correct. */ sort_end_index = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(res); if (!(enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_SORT_ARRAY_INDICES)) { #if defined(DUK_USE_PREFER_SIZE) duk__sort_enum_keys_es6(thr, res, (duk_int_fast32_t) sort_start_index, (duk_int_fast32_t) sort_end_index); #else if (need_sort) { DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("need to sort")); duk__sort_enum_keys_es6(thr, res, (duk_int_fast32_t) sort_start_index, (duk_int_fast32_t) sort_end_index); } else { DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("no need to sort")); } #endif } sort_start_index = sort_end_index; if (enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_OWN_PROPERTIES_ONLY) { break; } curr = DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(thr->heap, curr); } /* [enum_target res] */ duk_remove_m2(thr); /* [res] */ if (enum_flags & DUK_ENUM_SORT_ARRAY_INDICES) { /* Some E5/E5.1 algorithms require that array indices are iterated * in a strictly ascending order. This is the case for e.g. * Array.prototype.forEach() and JSON.stringify() PropertyList * handling. The caller can request an explicit sort in these * cases. */ /* Sort to ES2015 order which works for pure array incides but * also for mixed keys. */ duk__sort_enum_keys_es6(thr, res, (duk_int_fast32_t) DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX, (duk_int_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(res)); } #if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY) compact_and_return: #endif /* compact; no need to seal because object is internal */ duk_hobject_compact_props(thr, res); DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("created enumerator object: %!iT", (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(thr, -1))); } /* * Returns non-zero if a key and/or value was enumerated, and: * * [enum] -> [key] (get_value == 0) * [enum] -> [key value] (get_value == 1) * * Returns zero without pushing anything on the stack otherwise. */ DUK_INTERNAL duk_bool_t duk_hobject_enumerator_next(duk_hthread *thr, duk_bool_t get_value) { duk_hobject *e; duk_hobject *enum_target; duk_hstring *res = NULL; duk_uint_fast32_t idx; duk_bool_t check_existence; DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL); /* [... enum] */ e = duk_require_hobject(thr, -1); /* XXX use get tval ptr, more efficient */ duk_get_prop_stridx_short(thr, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_NEXT); idx = (duk_uint_fast32_t) duk_require_uint(thr, -1); duk_pop(thr); DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enumeration: index is: %ld", (long) idx)); /* Enumeration keys are checked against the enumeration target (to see * that they still exist). In the proxy enumeration case _Target will * be the proxy, and checking key existence against the proxy is not * required (or sensible, as the keys may be fully virtual). */ duk_xget_owndataprop_stridx_short(thr, -1, DUK_STRIDX_INT_TARGET); enum_target = duk_require_hobject(thr, -1); DUK_ASSERT(enum_target != NULL); #if defined(DUK_USE_ES6_PROXY) check_existence = (!DUK_HOBJECT_IS_PROXY(enum_target)); #else check_existence = 1; #endif duk_pop(thr); /* still reachable */ DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("getting next enum value, enum_target=%!iO, enumerator=%!iT", (duk_heaphdr *) enum_target, (duk_tval *) duk_get_tval(thr, -1))); /* no array part */ for (;;) { duk_hstring *k; if (idx >= DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(e)) { DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enumeration: ran out of elements")); break; } /* we know these because enum objects are internally created */ k = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(thr->heap, e, idx); DUK_ASSERT(k != NULL); DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(thr->heap, e, idx)); DUK_ASSERT(!DUK_TVAL_IS_UNUSED(&DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE(thr->heap, e, idx).v)); idx++; /* recheck that the property still exists */ if (check_existence && !duk_hobject_hasprop_raw(thr, enum_target, k)) { DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("property deleted during enumeration, skip")); continue; } DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enumeration: found element, key: %!O", (duk_heaphdr *) k)); res = k; break; } DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("enumeration: updating next index to %ld", (long) idx)); duk_push_u32(thr, (duk_uint32_t) idx); duk_put_prop_stridx_short(thr, -2, DUK_STRIDX_INT_NEXT); /* [... enum] */ if (res) { duk_push_hstring(thr, res); if (get_value) { duk_push_hobject(thr, enum_target); duk_dup_m2(thr); /* -> [... enum key enum_target key] */ duk_get_prop(thr, -2); /* -> [... enum key enum_target val] */ duk_remove_m2(thr); /* -> [... enum key val] */ duk_remove(thr, -3); /* -> [... key val] */ } else { duk_remove_m2(thr); /* -> [... key] */ } return 1; } else { duk_pop(thr); /* -> [...] */ return 0; } } /* * Get enumerated keys in an ECMAScript array. Matches Object.keys() behavior * described in E5 Section 15.2.3.14. */ DUK_INTERNAL duk_ret_t duk_hobject_get_enumerated_keys(duk_hthread *thr, duk_small_uint_t enum_flags) { duk_hobject *e; duk_hstring **keys; duk_tval *tv; duk_uint_fast32_t count; DUK_ASSERT(thr != NULL); DUK_ASSERT(duk_get_hobject(thr, -1) != NULL); /* Create a temporary enumerator to get the (non-duplicated) key list; * the enumerator state is initialized without being needed, but that * has little impact. */ duk_hobject_enumerator_create(thr, enum_flags); e = duk_known_hobject(thr, -1); /* [enum_target enum res] */ /* Create dense result array to exact size. */ DUK_ASSERT(DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(e) >= DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX); count = (duk_uint32_t) (DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(e) - DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX); /* XXX: uninit would be OK */ tv = duk_push_harray_with_size_outptr(thr, (duk_uint32_t) count); DUK_ASSERT(count == 0 || tv != NULL); DUK_ASSERT(!duk_is_bare_object(thr, -1)); /* Fill result array, no side effects. */ keys = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY_BASE(thr->heap, e); keys += DUK__ENUM_START_INDEX; while (count-- > 0) { duk_hstring *k; k = *keys++; DUK_ASSERT(k != NULL); /* enumerator must have no keys deleted */ DUK_TVAL_SET_STRING(tv, k); tv++; DUK_HSTRING_INCREF(thr, k); } /* [enum_target enum res] */ duk_remove_m2(thr); /* [enum_target res] */ return 1; /* return 1 to allow callers to tail call */ }